360 Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste; Verbände
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (149)
- Buch (Monographie) (95)
- Arbeitspapier (14)
- Bericht (4)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (1)
- Sonstiges (1)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (264) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Unfall (140)
- Accident (139)
- Germany (137)
- Conference (136)
- Deutschland (136)
- Konferenz (136)
- Forschungsbericht (76)
- Statistics (75)
- Statistik (75)
- Research report (73)
- Injury (69)
- Verletzung (67)
- Safety (66)
- Sicherheit (65)
- Tödlicher Unfall (53)
- Fatality (52)
- Driver (45)
- Fahrer (43)
- Accident rate (42)
- Risiko (41)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (41)
- Risk (40)
- Ursache (38)
- Unfallverhütung (37)
- Verhalten (37)
- Cause (36)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (36)
- Behaviour (35)
- Severity (accid, injury) (35)
- Analyse (math) (34)
- Analysis (math) (32)
- Datenbank (32)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (32)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (32)
- Verletzung) (32)
- injury) (32)
- Reconstruction (accid) (30)
- Datenerfassung (29)
- Fahrzeug (29)
- Severity (accid (29)
- Data acquisition (28)
- Vehicle (28)
- Accident prevention (26)
- Autobahn (26)
- Data bank (26)
- On the spot accident investigation (26)
- Pedestrian (25)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (25)
- Bewertung (24)
- Fußgänger (24)
- Interview (24)
- Jugendlicher (24)
- Radfahrer (24)
- Adolescent (23)
- Cyclist (23)
- Fahranfänger (23)
- Motorway (23)
- Recently qualified driver (23)
- Geschwindigkeit (22)
- Highway (21)
- Speed (21)
- Einstellung (psychol) (20)
- Straße (20)
- Traffic (20)
- Verkehr (20)
- Attitude (psychol) (19)
- Car (19)
- Motorcyclist (18)
- Motorradfahrer (18)
- Alte Leute (17)
- Drunkenness (17)
- Europa (17)
- Europe (17)
- Old people (17)
- Trunkenheit (17)
- Benutzung (16)
- Education (16)
- Erziehung (16)
- Prevention (16)
- Use (16)
- Prognose (15)
- Evaluation (assessment) (14)
- Forecast (14)
- Improvement (14)
- Kind (14)
- PKW (14)
- Sicherheitsgurt (14)
- Test (14)
- Verbesserung (14)
- Fahrleistung (13)
- International (13)
- Lorry (13)
- Safety belt (13)
- Skill (road user) (13)
- Stadt (13)
- Urban area (13)
- Vehicle mile (13)
- Age (12)
- Alter (12)
- Child (12)
- Driver training (12)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (12)
- Measurement (12)
- Messung (12)
- Method (12)
- Motorcycle (12)
- Motorrad (12)
- Pollutant (12)
- Schadstoff (12)
- Schutzhelm (12)
- Verfahren (12)
- Versuch (12)
- Crash helmet (11)
- Development (11)
- Entwicklung (11)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (11)
- Head on collision (11)
- Vehicle occupant (11)
- Collision (10)
- Fahrausbildung (10)
- Impact study (10)
- Insasse (10)
- Lkw (10)
- Modification (10)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (10)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (10)
- Veränderung (10)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (10)
- Berechnung (9)
- Calculation (9)
- Driving aptitude (9)
- Efficiency (9)
- Erste Hilfe (9)
- Evaluation (9)
- First aid (9)
- Führerschein (9)
- Grenzwert (9)
- Legislation (9)
- Limit (9)
- Mobility (9)
- Mobilität (9)
- Ozon (9)
- Ozone (9)
- Passive safety system (9)
- Road user (9)
- Simulation (9)
- Air pollution (8)
- Delivery vehicle (8)
- Fahrzeugführung (8)
- Gesetzgebung (8)
- Immission (8)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (8)
- Nitrogen oxide (8)
- Personality (8)
- Persönlichkeit (8)
- Pollution concentration (8)
- Stickoxid (8)
- Zusammenstoß (8)
- Concentration (chem) (7)
- Cost (7)
- Driving licence (7)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (7)
- Experience (human) (7)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (7)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (7)
- Gesetzesübertretung (7)
- Human factor (7)
- Konzentration (chem) (7)
- Kosten (7)
- Luftverunreinigung (7)
- Main road (7)
- Medical aspects (7)
- Offence (7)
- Point demerit system (7)
- Psychological aspects (7)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (7)
- Software (7)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (7)
- Active safety system (6)
- Adaptation (psychol) (6)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (6)
- Anpassung (psychol) (6)
- Driving (veh) (6)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (6)
- Feinstaub (6)
- Head (6)
- Japan (6)
- Kontrolle (6)
- Kopf (6)
- Landstraße (6)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (6)
- Menschlicher Faktor (6)
- Pkw (6)
- Rechenmodell (6)
- Risikobewertung (6)
- Risk assessment (6)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (6)
- Side impact (6)
- Surveillance (6)
- Trend (stat) (6)
- China (5)
- Database (5)
- EU (5)
- Emission (5)
- Fahrzeugsitz (5)
- Freizeit (5)
- Information (5)
- Information documentation (5)
- Kleintransporter (5)
- Mathematical model (5)
- Medical examination (5)
- Nummer (5)
- Offender (5)
- Organisation (5)
- Organization (5)
- Overturning (veh) (5)
- Planung (5)
- Rechtsübertreter (5)
- Recreation (5)
- Rückfalltäter (5)
- Seat (veh) (5)
- Straßenverkehr (5)
- Verkehrsstärke (5)
- Wirbelsäule (5)
- Überschlagen (5)
- Accident proneness (4)
- Air bag (restraint system) (4)
- Airbag (4)
- Bestand (4)
- Bevölkerung (4)
- Brustkorb (4)
- Continuous (4)
- Cycle track (4)
- Deformation (4)
- Droge (4)
- Drugs (4)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (4)
- Fracture (bone) (4)
- Front (4)
- Gefahr (4)
- Hazard (4)
- Knochenbruch (4)
- Kontinuierlich (4)
- Leg (human) (4)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (4)
- Nacht (4)
- Night (4)
- Planning (4)
- Policy (4)
- Politik (4)
- Population (4)
- Portugal (4)
- Psychological examination (4)
- Psychologie (4)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (4)
- Psychology (4)
- Radweg (4)
- Recidivist (4)
- Region (4)
- Rehabilitation (4)
- Richtlinien (4)
- Specifications (4)
- Spinal column (4)
- Unfallneigung (4)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (4)
- Verformung (4)
- Abbiegen (3)
- Administration (3)
- Alcohol (3)
- Alkohol (3)
- Analyse (Math) (3)
- Angle (3)
- Austria (3)
- Bein (menschl) (3)
- Berufsausübung (3)
- Biomechanics (3)
- Biomechanik (3)
- Blood alcohol content (3)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (3)
- Driver assistance system (3)
- Driving (3)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (3)
- Error (3)
- Fahrernachschulung (3)
- Fahrerweiterbildung (3)
- Fehler (3)
- Freeway (3)
- Gebiet (3)
- Gestaltung (3)
- Hospital (3)
- India (3)
- Indien (3)
- Junction (3)
- Knotenpunkt (3)
- Krankenhaus (3)
- LKW (3)
- Layout (3)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (3)
- Lieferfahrzeug (3)
- Load (3)
- Map (3)
- Modell (3)
- Motivation (3)
- Motorisierungsgrad (3)
- Occupation (3)
- Partnerschaft (3)
- Partnership (3)
- Personal (3)
- Personnel (3)
- Police (3)
- Polizei (3)
- Provisorisch (3)
- Prüfverfahren (3)
- Quality (3)
- Qualität (3)
- Rechenprogramm (3)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (3)
- Residential area (3)
- Retraining of drivers (3)
- Risikoverhalten (3)
- Risk taking (3)
- Road traffic (3)
- Rural road (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Temporary (3)
- Thorax (3)
- Traffic concentration (3)
- USA (3)
- Vehicle ownership (3)
- Verhütung (3)
- Verminderung (3)
- Vorn (3)
- Weather (3)
- Winkel (3)
- Witterung (3)
- Wohngebiet (3)
- Österreich (3)
- Accident reconstruction (2)
- Accident severity (2)
- Accompanied driving (2)
- Aggression (psychol) (2)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (2)
- Air (2)
- Anfahrversuch (2)
- Arbeitsbedingungen (2)
- Audit (2)
- Australia (2)
- Australien (2)
- Baustelle (2)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (2)
- Begleitetes Fahren (2)
- Beinahe Unfall (2)
- Belastung (2)
- Betriebshof (2)
- Bicycle (2)
- Blickfeld (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Braking (2)
- Bremsung (2)
- Bus (2)
- Causes (2)
- Cervical vertebrae (2)
- Children (2)
- Classification (2)
- Coach (2)
- Comprehension (2)
- Construction site (2)
- Curve (math) (2)
- Cycling (2)
- Damage (2)
- Day (24 hour period) (2)
- Decrease (2)
- Deutschalnd (2)
- Effizienz (2)
- Eigenschaft (2)
- Eingabedaten (2)
- European Union (2)
- Extrication (2)
- Fahrrad (2)
- Fahrsimulator (2)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (2)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (2)
- Field of vision (2)
- Finland (2)
- Finnland (2)
- Forschungsarbeit (2)
- Frau (2)
- Geländefahrzeug (2)
- Geographisches Informationssystem (2)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (2)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (2)
- Gesundheit (2)
- Government (national) (2)
- Güterverkehr (2)
- Halswirbel (2)
- Health (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Highway traffic (2)
- Hour (2)
- Human body (2)
- Illness (2)
- Input data (2)
- Insurance (2)
- Interactive model (2)
- Interaktives Modell (2)
- Interior (veh) (2)
- Intermodal terminals (2)
- Karosserie (2)
- Karte (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Kleidung (2)
- Knee (human) (2)
- Knie (menschl) (2)
- Krankheit (2)
- Kurve (math) (2)
- Length (2)
- Luft (2)
- Länge (2)
- Maintenance (2)
- Man (2)
- Mann (2)
- Mathematical analysis (2)
- Menschlicher Körper (2)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (2)
- Near miss (2)
- Netherlands (2)
- Niederlande (2)
- Passive restraint system (2)
- Posture (2)
- Properties (2)
- Publicity (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Radfahren (2)
- Rear end collision (2)
- Reisebus (2)
- Research project (2)
- Road (2)
- Road network (2)
- Rural highways (2)
- Sachschaden (2)
- Sample (stat) (2)
- School (2)
- Schule (2)
- Severity (acid (2)
- Simulator (driving) (2)
- Sociology (2)
- Soziologie (2)
- Speed limit (2)
- Sport utility vehicle (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Steifigkeit (2)
- Stichprobe (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Straßenentwurf (2)
- Straßennetz (2)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stress (psychol) (2)
- Stunde (2)
- Tag (24 Stunden) (2)
- Technologie (2)
- Technology (2)
- Telefon (2)
- Telephone (2)
- Test method (2)
- Time (2)
- Traffic density (2)
- Traffic regulations (2)
- Tunnel (2)
- Turn (2)
- United Kingdom (2)
- United kingdom (2)
- Unterhaltung (2)
- Untersuchung am unfallort (2)
- Vehicle safety (2)
- Versicherung (2)
- Verwaltung (2)
- Werbung (2)
- Wissen (2)
- Woman (2)
- Working conditions (2)
- Zeit (2)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Abrieb (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Activity report (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Advanced vehicle control system (1)
- Advanced vehicle control systems (1)
- Aircraft (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Alcohol test (1)
- Alcolock (1)
- Alkoholtest (1)
- Alte leute (1)
- Analyses (math) (1)
- Anthropometric dummy (1)
- Apparatus (measuring) (1)
- Arzneimittel (1)
- Atem (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Auffahrunfall (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Ausbildung (1)
- Auspuff (1)
- Automobiles (1)
- Autotür (1)
- Average (1)
- Back (human) (1)
- Ballungsgebiet (1)
- Before and after study (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Bemessung (1)
- Beschilderung (1)
- Beschleunigung (1)
- Bicyclist (1)
- Bildschirm (1)
- Black ice (1)
- Blood (1)
- Blut (1)
- Brake (1)
- Brake lining (1)
- Breath (1)
- Bremsbelag (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Car door (1)
- Carbon monoxide (1)
- Chart (1)
- Clothing (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Concentration [chem] (1)
- Conurbation (1)
- Correlation (math, stat) (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Cross road (1)
- Cross-border traffic (1)
- Czech Republic (1)
- Data base (1)
- Data collection (1)
- Data file (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Daten (1)
- Datenverarbeitung (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Deckschicht (1)
- Decreases (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Democratic Republic of (1)
- Density (1)
- Depot (transp) (1)
- Design (overall design) (1)
- Detection (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Deutsche Demokratische Republik (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digital image processing (1)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Distraction (1)
- Distribution (gen) (1)
- Distribution (stat) (1)
- Driver (veh) (1)
- Driver license (1)
- Driver taining (1)
- Driving instructor (1)
- Driving license (1)
- Driving test (1)
- Durchsichtigkeit (1)
- Dust (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Effectiveness (1)
- Eindringung (1)
- Einfahrt (1)
- Einkommensschwache Schichten (1)
- Eins (1)
- Einsatzfahrzeug (1)
- Electric bicycle (1)
- Electronic driving aid (1)
- Electronic stability program (1)
- Elektrofahrrad (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Emergency vehicle (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energy (1)
- Enforcement (law) (1)
- Entgleisung (Zug) (1)
- Entrance (1)
- Environment (1)
- Estimation (1)
- Eu (1)
- Exhaust pipe (1)
- Face (human) (1)
- Facility (1)
- Fahreignung (1)
- Fahrernacherziehung (1)
- Fahrlehrer (1)
- Fahrprüfung (1)
- Fahrstabilität (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Falschfahren (1)
- Fatigue (human) (1)
- Fein (mater) (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Fine (mater) (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Fog (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Footway (1)
- Fracht (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Freight (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Frequenz (1)
- Fussgänger (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Gehweg (1)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (1)
- Geographic information system (1)
- Geographical information system (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Gesicht (1)
- Glatteis (1)
- Goods traffic (1)
- Graphische Darstellung (1)
- Grenze (1)
- Grenzverkehr (1)
- Haftung (jur) (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Hazards (1)
- Hinten (1)
- Hip (human) (1)
- Hüfte (1)
- Impact sled (1)
- Impact test (1)
- Impact test (veh) (1)
- In situ (1)
- Information display systems (1)
- Injury) (1)
- Inpact study (1)
- International borders (1)
- Intoxication (1)
- Italien (1)
- Italy (1)
- Jahr (1)
- Jahreszeit (1)
- Kohlenmonoxid (1)
- Konzentration [chem] (1)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (1)
- Kosten Nutzen Vergleich (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Körperhaltung (1)
- Körperstellung (1)
- Ladungssicherung (1)
- Laser (1)
- Law enforcement (1)
- Liability (1)
- Load fastening (1)
- Local authority (1)
- Low income (1)
- Luftfahrzeug (1)
- Luftverschmutzung (1)
- Lärm (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Management (1)
- Massenunfall (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Medication (1)
- Medizinische gesichtspunkte (1)
- Medizinische untersuchung (1)
- Menschlicher faktor (1)
- Messgerät (1)
- Mittelwert (1)
- Mobile phone (1)
- Mobility (pers) (1)
- Mobility management (1)
- Mobilitätserhebung (1)
- Mobilitätsmanagement (1)
- Mobiltät (1)
- Model (non math) (1)
- Model (not math) (1)
- Modell (not math) (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multiple vehicle accident (1)
- Müdigkeit (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Nebel (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Noise (1)
- Norm (tech) (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Notfall (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Old People (1)
- On the scene accident investigation (1)
- One (1)
- Organisation ; Statistik (1)
- Organization (association) (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Padding (safety) (1)
- Penetration (1)
- Pfosten (1)
- Pole (1)
- Programmed learning (1)
- Programmierter Unterricht (1)
- Prohibition (1)
- Protective helmet (1)
- Pssives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Public relations (1)
- Public transport (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Radar (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Rear (1)
- Rechts (1)
- Recidicist (1)
- Regierung (staat) (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Rehabilitation (Road user) (1)
- Reifen (1)
- Road tanker (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Run off the road (accid) (1)
- Rural highway (1)
- Rücken (1)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (1)
- Saftey (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Schweregrad (UNfall (1)
- Schweregrad (unfall (1)
- Season (1)
- Seite (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Severty (accident (1)
- Sicherheitspolsterung (1)
- Side (1)
- Signalization (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Sozialisation (1)
- Spain (1)
- Spanien (1)
- Specification (standard) (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Staat (Regierung) (1)
- Stadtplanung (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Staub (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Straßenverkehrstechnik (1)
- Surface (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Süchtigkeit (1)
- Tankwagen (1)
- Tarif (1)
- Tariff (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Telematik (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Town planning (1)
- Traffic composition (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic engineering (1)
- Traffic flow (1)
- Traffic lane (1)
- Transparent (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Travel survey (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Trend (Stat) (1)
- Trend [stat] (1)
- Truck (1)
- Tschechische Republik (1)
- Turning (1)
- Tyre (1)
- Tätigkeitsbericht (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unfallverhuetung (1)
- Unterfahrschutz (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vehicle handling (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Verbot (1)
- Verkehrsablauf (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Verkehrszusammensetzung (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verschiebung (1)
- Versuchspuppe (1)
- Verteilung (allg) (1)
- Verteilung (stat) (1)
- Visual display (1)
- Vorbelastung (1)
- Vorher Nachher Untersuchung (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Warning systems (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Wear (1)
- Wearing course (1)
- Weekday (1)
- Weekend (1)
- Werktag (1)
- Winter maintenance (1)
- Winterdienst (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeit (1)
- Wochenende (1)
- Wrong way driving (1)
- Year (1)
- Zahl (1)
- Zeitreihe [stat] (1)
- ZusammenstoÃüï-¿-½Ãƒ-¯Ã‚-¿Ã‚-½ (1)
- accident (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- finite element method (1)
- head (1)
- skill (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- verletzung) (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (1)
- Überlappung (1)
The increasing economics in India has an enormous growth of its road traffic. As observed from official Indian accident statistics the number of road fatalities are one of the highest worldwide. In contrast to most industrialized nations they have an rapidly increasing trend. To come along with this trend it becomes more than essential to understand the traffic accident situation. The official Indian accident statistics gives a glimpse of only basic information. Therefore more detailed data is needed. By using In-depth accident data and officially representative statistics the current accident situation can be evaluated in India, if a suitable weighting methodology is considered. Hence in 2009/2010 a pilot study with the collaboration partner JP-Research India pvt. Ldt. was gathered in Tamil Nadu in south of India. In-depth accident investigations were done around the Coimbatore area on four highways. At first, the collected data is evaluated. Due to consequent and continuous further development based on the first approach a methodology similar to NASS/CDS/GES in the US and GIDAS in Germany was developed. Of course all relevant accident related parameters including pictures and severity information were collected. As a matter of fact based on scaled sketches and reconstruction benefit analyses can be done in order to analyze the accident scenery in India. As a first outcome influence from infrastructure, missing education and vehicle safety were identified as key parameters in order to reduce the number of accidents and casualties. To compare the accident situation against international standards an accident classification for left hand traffic was developed based on the German Insurance classification system. Looking into detail additional accident types were identified and added to create an Indian accident type catalogue. The positive results encouraged several OEMs to participate in this investigation and together with BOSCH a consortium was established in 2010/11. Within one year from beginning in May 2011 about 200 highway accidents were collected, reported and reconstructed using the new standard. Hence a first good overview of the accident situation is available for the Coimbatore Tamil Nadu area. The major target for establishing accident investigations is the extension towards other states of India and urban areas to achieve a better overview of the accident scenery. Therefore local and national authorities have to be embedded in order to strengthen the awareness against traffic safety.
Do learner gain sufficient braking capabilities at the end of education for collision avoidance?
(2013)
The paper describes a test design to evaluate the braking behaviour in the course of the driver education. The results show that the braking capabilities increased during the driver education and the learning effects are the same for males and females. The evaluation limit is set to 6 m/s-². At the beginning of education, 50% of the drivers do not reach this limit, although the driver education car is equipped with an emergency brake assist, which is regularly installed in all vehicles since 2009. After the education, 100% of the drivers can reach the limit. The results are mapped to a collision avoidance scenario.
Since 2008, the authors inspected fatal traffic accidents on the spot every year, with the cooperation of Toyota police station in Aichi pref. In the jurisdiction, numbers of fatal accidents were 18 in 2008, 12 in 2009, 14 accidents in 2010, and 16 in 2011. We here report the results of our analysis of information obtained by detailed inspection for those that occurred from 2008 to 2010. We focused on vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents, which accounted for about 45% of all accidents in 2008. Because many accidents occurred on residential roads not far from pedestrians" homes, it was revealed that the decrease of the collision speed by traffic calming such as humps and zone speed management, was highly effective. On the other hand, pedestrian detection technologies seemed to be also effective as a countermeasure on vehicle side. Every pedestrian position against a vehicle was clarified and TTC (Time to Collision) was calculated provisionally. Pedestrian accidents in intersections were also examined. Among the intersection pedestrian accidents within the jurisdiction, compared with the national average in Japan, the ratio of intersections without a signal and the ratio without a pedestrian crossing were high. According to the comparison of the Japanese traffic accident patterns between 2001 and 2008, pedestrian accidents during turning right and turning left did not decrease much. For elderly drivers, these accidents occurred very often. Finally, single vehicle accidents were analysed with the accident pattern analysis methods used above. There were high numbers of single vehicle accidents against object on single roads. Although fatal accidents against guardrails decreased, the numbers of fatal accidents against a utility pole and a sign pole were nearly constant. As for the impact with narrow width objects such as utility poles, the fatality rate was very high, and countermeasures of both road infrastructure and vehicles seem to be effective.
A concept for Safe-Driving-Trainings with a focus on risky behavior and safety related attitudes has been evaluated. 519 participants have been tested before and after the training by means of a questionnaire with the topics: technical driving competence, awareness of risks, and propensity for anticipation. A control group (131 subjects) was used to check for the possibility of response artifacts. Three months later, 92 members of the treatment group and 25 members of the control group have been tested again. The results show significant positive changes in driving competence, risk awareness, and safety related attitudes, especially anticipation, due to the training. Compared to the control group the participants have become more risk aware and they regard of risk avoiding behavior as more important. The results show that this concept for Safe-Driving-Trainings has not only short-term but, more importantly, long-term positive effects on the safety-relevant attitudes and cognitions of young drivers.
The paper aims to study the injury risk and kinematics of pedestrians involved in different passenger vehicle collisions. Furthermore, the difference of pedestrian kinematics in the accidents involved minivan and sedan was analyzed. The 18 sample cases of passenger car to pedestrian collisions were selected from the database of In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accident in Changsha of China (IVAC),of which the 12 pedestrian accidents involved in a minivan impact for each case, and the 6 accidents in a sedan impact for each. The selected cases were reconstructed by using mathematical models of pedestrians and accident vehicles in a multi-body dynamic code MADYMO environment. The logistic regression models of the risks for pedestrian AIS 3+ injuries and fatalities were developed in terms of vehicle impact speed by analyzing the minivan-pedestrian and sedan-pedestrian accidents. The difference of pedestrian kinematics was identified by comparing the results from reconstructed pedestrian accidents between the minivans and sedans collisions. The result shows that there is a significant correlation among the impact speed and the severity of pedestrian injuries. The minivan poses greater risk to pedestrian than sedan at the same impact speed. The kinematics of pedestrian was greatly influenced by vehicle front shape.
This study analyses no.39 cases in which n.41 motorcyclists were fatally injured, or 36% of total motorcycle fatalities in Northern Ireland between 2004 and 2010 (n.114). There were n.17 cases (43.6%) where the actions of another vehicle driver caused the collision, in thirteen of these cases the motorcycles had their lights switched on. The remaining n.22 collisions (56.4%) were due to the actions of the motorcyclist. In the approach to the collision scene, there were n.13 cases (31.7%) in which the approach was a right hand bend and in n.8 (19.5%) cases, the approach was a left hand bend. In the remaining n.18 (43.9%) cases, the approach was a straight road. Of the n.17 (41.4%) motorcycles that slid after falling, n.10 (24.4%) fell onto their right side and the remaining n.7 (17.1%) fell onto their left side. The information from this study identifies primary and contributory causes of motorcycle collisions.
Supervision of the safety performance in public transport is one of the main tasks of the Federal Office of Transport (FOT) in Switzerland. Recently a three level system of safety indicators has been defined to cover all means of Swiss public transport. The safety indicators are fed by the FOT incident database since the year 2000. In cooperation with the Institute for Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering (iVA) at TU Braunschweig, Germany, FOT is developing a suitable methodology for the definition and evaluation of the safety targets in Swiss public transport. The methodology is applied for evaluation of safety indicators on a country level and for single transport companies. In a new approach the abovementioned methodology is applied to car incident data to develop an indicator based cross-modal safety measure.
The effect of fatigue on driving has been compared to the effect of alcohol impairment in both driver performance and crash studies. However are crash characteristics and causation mechanisms similar in crashes involving fatigue to those involving alcohol when studied in the real world? This has been explored by examining data held in the EC project SafetyNet Accident Causation Database. Causation data was recorded using the SafetyNet Accident Causation System (SNACS). The focus was on Cars/MPV crashes and drivers assigned the SNACS code Alcohol or Fatigue. The Alcohol group included 44 drivers and the Fatigue group included 47. "Incorrect direction" was a frequently occurring critical event in both the Alcohol and Fatigue groups. The Alcohol group had more contributory factors related to decision making and the Fatigue group had more contributory factors relating to incorrect observations. This analysis does not allow for generalised statements about the significance of the similarities and differences between crashes involving alcohol and fatigue, however the observed differences do suggest that attempts to quantify the effect of fatigue by using levels of alcohol impairment as a benchmark should be done with care.
With an ever rising human life expectancy the share of elderly people in society is constantly rising. This leads to the fact that at the same rate the share of people with age related diseases such as dementia and poor eyesight taking part in traffic will rise and therefore traffic accidents caused by this group of people due to the disease will play an ever greater role. This Situation will be among the future challenges of road safety work. At present this study displays specific characteristics of accidents caused by elderly car drivers (aged 65 or higher) based on the analysis of the German In-Depth Accident Study GIDAS. Herein almost 1000 elderly car drivers were identified as accident participants in the years 2008 to 2011. The focus of this study lies on identifying special types of accidents which are caused by elderly drivers and on characterizing these types with the information gathered on scene and by interviewing the participants. The main evidence analyzed is the knowledge about the accident locality, the trajectories of the participants as well as the reasons for the occurrence of the accidents. Furthermore personal information such as the personal condition before the accident and driving purposes is used to identify patterns of contributing circumstances for accidents caused by elderly traffic participants.