360 Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste; Verbände
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (135)
- Buch (Monographie) (96)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (7)
- Bericht (2)
Schlagworte
- Conference (130)
- Konferenz (130)
- Accident (114)
- Unfall (114)
- Germany (105)
- Deutschland (103)
- Safety (68)
- Sicherheit (66)
- Injury (62)
- Verletzung (59)
- Forschungsbericht (56)
- Research report (56)
- Statistics (55)
- Statistik (54)
- Driver (39)
- Tödlicher Unfall (39)
- Fahrer (38)
- Fatality (38)
- Unfallverhütung (37)
- Behaviour (35)
- Verhalten (35)
- Analyse (math) (33)
- Risiko (33)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (33)
- Analysis (math) (32)
- Bewertung (32)
- Severity (accid, injury) (32)
- Risk (31)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (30)
- Accident prevention (28)
- Reconstruction (accid) (28)
- Cause (27)
- Datenbank (27)
- Ursache (27)
- Data acquisition (26)
- Datenerfassung (26)
- Evaluation (assessment) (26)
- Fahrzeug (25)
- Fußgänger (25)
- Pedestrian (25)
- Vehicle (25)
- Cyclist (24)
- On the spot accident investigation (24)
- Radfahrer (24)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (24)
- Verkehr (24)
- Interview (23)
- Traffic (23)
- injury) (23)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (22)
- Verletzung) (22)
- Data bank (21)
- Accident rate (20)
- Severity (accid (20)
- Alte Leute (19)
- Geschwindigkeit (19)
- Jugendlicher (19)
- Old people (19)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (19)
- Adolescent (18)
- Speed (18)
- Car (17)
- Fahranfänger (17)
- Improvement (17)
- Motorcyclist (17)
- Motorradfahrer (17)
- Recently qualified driver (17)
- Verbesserung (17)
- Child (16)
- Kind (16)
- Method (16)
- Verfahren (16)
- Education (15)
- Erste Hilfe (15)
- First aid (15)
- Erziehung (14)
- Europa (14)
- Europe (14)
- PKW (14)
- Prevention (14)
- Test (14)
- Drunkenness (13)
- Efficiency (13)
- Einstellung (psychol) (13)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (13)
- Trunkenheit (13)
- Benutzung (12)
- Impact study (12)
- Prognose (12)
- Sicherheitsgurt (12)
- Skill (road user) (12)
- Use (12)
- Versuch (12)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (12)
- Attitude (psychol) (11)
- Development (11)
- Entwicklung (11)
- Forecast (11)
- Modification (11)
- Safety belt (11)
- Schutzhelm (11)
- Crash helmet (10)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (10)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (10)
- Head on collision (10)
- Mobilität (10)
- Motorcycle (10)
- Motorrad (10)
- Vehicle occupant (10)
- Veränderung (10)
- Age (9)
- Alter (9)
- Collision (9)
- Driver training (9)
- Driving aptitude (9)
- Fahrzeugführung (9)
- Highway (9)
- Insasse (9)
- Mobility (9)
- Organisation (9)
- Simulation (9)
- Führerschein (8)
- Straße (8)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (8)
- Zusammenstoß (8)
- Berechnung (7)
- Calculation (7)
- Driving (veh) (7)
- Driving licence (7)
- Fahrausbildung (7)
- Fahrtauglichkeit (7)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (7)
- Modell (7)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (7)
- Point demerit system (7)
- Psychologie (7)
- Psychology (7)
- Risikobewertung (7)
- Road user (7)
- Software (7)
- Adaptation (psychol) (6)
- Anpassung (psychol) (6)
- China (6)
- EU (6)
- Evaluation (6)
- Gesetzesübertretung (6)
- Head (6)
- International (6)
- Kopf (6)
- Kosten (6)
- Offence (6)
- Passive safety system (6)
- Planung (6)
- Rechenmodell (6)
- Risk assessment (6)
- Rückfalltäter (6)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (6)
- Side impact (6)
- Stadt (6)
- Urban area (6)
- Bevölkerung (5)
- Bicycle (5)
- Cost (5)
- Database (5)
- Emergency (5)
- Fahrernachschulung (5)
- Fahrrad (5)
- Fahrzeugsitz (5)
- Gesetzgebung (5)
- Human factor (5)
- Japan (5)
- Leg (human) (5)
- Load (5)
- Lorry (5)
- Mathematical model (5)
- Menschlicher Faktor (5)
- Model (not math) (5)
- Notfall (5)
- Offender (5)
- Organization (5)
- Organization (association) (5)
- Overturning (veh) (5)
- Pkw (5)
- Planning (5)
- Population (5)
- Rechtsübertreter (5)
- Recidivist (5)
- Rehabilitation (5)
- Retraining of drivers (5)
- Richtlinien (5)
- School (5)
- Schule (5)
- Seat (veh) (5)
- Specifications (5)
- Wirbelsäule (5)
- Überschlagen (5)
- Air bag (restraint system) (4)
- Airbag (4)
- Austria (4)
- Bein (menschl) (4)
- Belastung (4)
- Blood alcohol content (4)
- Blutalkoholgehalt (4)
- Brustkorb (4)
- Comprehension (4)
- Delivery vehicle (4)
- Droge (4)
- Drugs (4)
- Einsatzfahrzeug (4)
- Emergency vehicle (4)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (4)
- Experience (human) (4)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (4)
- Fracture (bone) (4)
- Front (4)
- Hospital (4)
- Information (4)
- Information documentation (4)
- Knochenbruch (4)
- Kontrolle (4)
- Krankenhaus (4)
- Legislation (4)
- Lkw (4)
- Measurement (4)
- Medical aspects (4)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (4)
- Messung (4)
- Occupation (4)
- Personal (4)
- Personality (4)
- Personnel (4)
- Persönlichkeit (4)
- Policy (4)
- Politik (4)
- Portugal (4)
- Psychological examination (4)
- Psychologische Untersuchung (4)
- Rehabilitation (road user) (4)
- Risk taking (4)
- Sample (stat) (4)
- Sociology (4)
- Soziologie (4)
- Spinal column (4)
- Stichprobe (4)
- Surveillance (4)
- Trend (stat) (4)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (4)
- Verhütung (4)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (4)
- Österreich (4)
- Accident proneness (3)
- Active safety system (3)
- Administration (3)
- Aggression (psychol) (3)
- Aggressiveness (psychol) (3)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (3)
- Alcohol (3)
- Alkohol (3)
- Analyse (Math) (3)
- Angle (3)
- Baustelle (3)
- Berufsausübung (3)
- Betriebshof (3)
- Biomechanics (3)
- Biomechanik (3)
- Bus (3)
- Construction site (3)
- Cycle track (3)
- Damage (3)
- Decrease (3)
- Driver assistance system (3)
- Driving (3)
- Fahrerweiterbildung (3)
- Fahrleistung (3)
- Frau (3)
- Gesetzesdurchführung (3)
- Grenzwert (3)
- Hazard (3)
- India (3)
- Indien (3)
- Kleidung (3)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Fahrer) (3)
- Lieferfahrzeug (3)
- Limit (3)
- Maintenance (3)
- Man (3)
- Mann (3)
- Medical examination (3)
- Medizinische Untersuchung (3)
- Motivation (3)
- Partnerschaft (3)
- Partnership (3)
- Psychological aspects (3)
- Psychologische Gesichtspunkte (3)
- Publicity (3)
- Quality (3)
- Qualität (3)
- Radweg (3)
- Risikoverhalten (3)
- Sachschaden (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Straßenverkehr (3)
- Technologie (3)
- Technology (3)
- Thorax (3)
- Tunnel (3)
- USA (3)
- Unfallneigung (3)
- Unterhaltung (3)
- Vehicle mile (3)
- Verminderung (3)
- Verständnis (3)
- Vorn (3)
- Werbung (3)
- Winkel (3)
- Wirtschaftlichkeit (3)
- Woman (3)
- Abbiegen (2)
- Accident reconstruction (2)
- Accompanied driving (2)
- Anfahrversuch (2)
- Arbeitsbedingungen (2)
- Audit (2)
- Ausländer (2)
- Australia (2)
- Australien (2)
- Autobahn (2)
- Befreiung (Bergung) (2)
- Begleitetes Fahren (2)
- Beinahe Unfall (2)
- Blickfeld (2)
- Blood (2)
- Blut (2)
- Body (car) (2)
- Braking (2)
- Bremsung (2)
- Cervical vertebrae (2)
- Classification (2)
- Clothing (2)
- Coach (2)
- Communication (2)
- Continuous (2)
- Cycling (2)
- Day (24 hour period) (2)
- Decision process (2)
- Deformation (2)
- Depot (transp) (2)
- Deutschalnd (2)
- Economic efficiency (2)
- Economics (2)
- Eigenschaft (2)
- Eingabedaten (2)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (2)
- Emission (2)
- Enforcement (law) (2)
- Entscheidungsprozess (2)
- Error (2)
- European Union (2)
- Extrication (2)
- Fahrsimulator (2)
- Fehler (2)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (2)
- Field of vision (2)
- Finland (2)
- Finnland (2)
- Foreigner (2)
- Freeway (2)
- Freizeit (2)
- Frequency (2)
- Frequenz (2)
- Gefahr (2)
- Geländefahrzeug (2)
- Gemeindeverwaltung (2)
- Gestaltung (2)
- Gesundheit (2)
- Government (national) (2)
- Halswirbel (2)
- Health (2)
- Highway design (2)
- Human body (2)
- Illness (2)
- Input data (2)
- Insurance (2)
- Interactive model (2)
- Interaktives Modell (2)
- Intermodal terminals (2)
- Junction (2)
- Karosserie (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Knee (human) (2)
- Knie (menschl) (2)
- Knotenpunkt (2)
- Kommunikation (2)
- Kontinuierlich (2)
- Konzentration (chem) (2)
- Krankheit (2)
- Layout (2)
- Lecture (2)
- Local authority (2)
- Main road (2)
- Massenunfall (2)
- Menschlicher Körper (2)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (2)
- Mobility (pers) (2)
- Motorisierungsgrad (2)
- Nacht (2)
- Near miss (2)
- Night (2)
- Norm (tech) (2)
- Nummer (2)
- Passive restraint system (2)
- Pollutant (2)
- Posture (2)
- Properties (2)
- Provisorisch (2)
- Prüfverfahren (2)
- Public transport (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Radfahren (2)
- Rear end collision (2)
- Rechenprogramm (2)
- Recreation (2)
- Region (2)
- Reisebus (2)
- Residential area (2)
- Responsibility (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Schadstoff (2)
- Schweiz (2)
- Severity (acid (2)
- Simulator (driving) (2)
- Specification (standard) (2)
- Sport utility vehicle (2)
- Stadtplanung (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Steifigkeit (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Straßenentwurf (2)
- Straßenverkehrsrecht (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stress (psychol) (2)
- Switzerland (2)
- Temporary (2)
- Test method (2)
- Time (2)
- Town planning (2)
- Traffic density (2)
- Traffic regulations (2)
- Turn (2)
- United Kingdom (2)
- United kingdom (2)
- Vehicle ownership (2)
- Vehicle safety (2)
- Verantwortung (2)
- Verformung (2)
- Verkehrsstärke (2)
- Versicherung (2)
- Verwaltung (2)
- Vorlesung (2)
- Wirtschaft (2)
- Wohngebiet (2)
- Working conditions (2)
- Zahl (2)
- Zeit (2)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (2)
- Ability (road user) (1)
- Abkommen von der Fahrbahn (1)
- Ablenkung (1)
- Abrieb (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Acceptability (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Advanced vehicle control system (1)
- Air (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Aircraft (1)
- Alcohol test (1)
- Alcolock (1)
- Alkoholtest (1)
- Analyses (math) (1)
- Anthropometric dummy (1)
- Atem (1)
- Attention (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Auffahrunfall (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Aufmerksamkeit (1)
- Aufzeichnung (1)
- Augenbewegungen (1)
- Ausbildung (1)
- Auspuff (1)
- Ausrüstung (1)
- Automobiles (1)
- Autotür (1)
- Back (human) (1)
- Before and after study (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Bemessung (1)
- Bend (road) (1)
- Beruf (1)
- Beschilderung (1)
- Beschleunigung (1)
- Betriebsablauf (Transport) (1)
- Bildschirm (1)
- Black ice (1)
- Brake (1)
- Brake lining (1)
- Brand (1)
- Breath (1)
- Bremsbelag (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Car door (1)
- Carbon monoxide (1)
- Case law (1)
- Catchment area (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Concentration (chem) (1)
- Concentration (chem.) (1)
- Confiscation (driving licence) (1)
- Correlation (math, stat) (1)
- Cost benefit analysis (1)
- Costs (1)
- Cross road (1)
- Cross-border traffic (1)
- Czech Republic (1)
- Data base (1)
- Data file (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Datenverarbeitung (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Deckschicht (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Design (overall design) (1)
- Diagnostik (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Digital computer (1)
- Digital image processing (1)
- Digitale Bildverarbeitung (1)
- Digitalrechner (1)
- Dispersion (stat) (1)
- Distraction (1)
- Distribution (gen) (1)
- Driver taining (1)
- Driving license (1)
- Durchsichtigkeit (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Effectiveness (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Eichung (1)
- Eindringung (1)
- Einkommensschwache Schichten (1)
- Eins (1)
- Einzugsgebiet (1)
- Electric bicycle (1)
- Electronic stability program (1)
- Elektrofahrrad (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energy (1)
- Entgleisung (Zug) (1)
- Environment (1)
- Equipment (1)
- Estimation (1)
- Eu (1)
- Exhaust pipe (1)
- Experimental road (1)
- Eye movement (1)
- Face (human) (1)
- Facility (1)
- Fahreignung (1)
- Fahrstabilität (1)
- Fahrstreifen (1)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (1)
- Fahrzeugabstand (1)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (1)
- Fatigue (human) (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Fire (1)
- Fog (1)
- Foot (not a measure) (1)
- Footway (1)
- Forschungsarbeit (1)
- Foschungsbericht (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Fuß (1)
- Führerscheinentzug (1)
- Gebiet (1)
- Gehweg (1)
- Generated traffic (1)
- Geographic information system (1)
- Geographisches Informationssystem (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung (1)
- Gesicht (1)
- Glatteis (1)
- Grenze (1)
- Grenzverkehr (1)
- Haftung (jur) (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Highway traffic (1)
- Hindernis (1)
- Hinten (1)
- Hip (human) (1)
- Hour (1)
- Hüfte (1)
- Impact sled (1)
- Impact test (1)
- Impact test (veh) (1)
- Individueller Verkehr (1)
- Information display systems (1)
- Innenstadt (1)
- Inpact study (1)
- Interior (veh) (1)
- International borders (1)
- Inventar (1)
- Inventory (1)
- Italien (1)
- Italy (1)
- Itinerary (1)
- Jahreszeit (1)
- Kleintransporter (1)
- Kohlenmonoxid (1)
- Korrelation (math, stat) (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Körperhaltung (1)
- Körperstellung (1)
- LKW (1)
- Ladungssicherung (1)
- Landstraße (1)
- Langfristig (1)
- Law enforcement (1)
- Length (1)
- Liability (1)
- Links (1)
- Load fastening (1)
- Long term (1)
- Low income (1)
- Luft (1)
- Luftfahrzeug (1)
- Luftverunreinigung (1)
- Länge (1)
- Lärm (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Management (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Mathematical analysis (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Merging traffic (1)
- Mobile phone (1)
- Mobility management (1)
- Mobilitätserhebung (1)
- Mobilitätsmanagement (1)
- Mobiltät (1)
- Modal split (1)
- Model (non math) (1)
- Modell (not math) (1)
- Movement (1)
- Multiple collision (1)
- Multiple vehicle accident (1)
- Müdigkeit (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Nebel (1)
- Netherlands (1)
- Network (traffic) (1)
- Niederlande (1)
- Nigeria (1)
- Noise (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Obstacle (1)
- Offside (1)
- One (1)
- Operations (Transp network) (1)
- Organisation ; Statistik (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- Padding (safety) (1)
- Penetration (1)
- Perception (1)
- Pfosten (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Pole (1)
- Police (1)
- Polizei (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Private transport (1)
- Protective helmet (1)
- Pssives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- Public relations (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Rear (1)
- Rechts (1)
- Rechtsprechung (1)
- Recidicist (1)
- Recording (1)
- Regierung (staat) (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Rehabilitation (Road user) (1)
- Reifen (1)
- Reiseweg (1)
- Research project (1)
- Road (1)
- Road network (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Rotation (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Run off the road (accid) (1)
- Rural road (1)
- Rücken (1)
- Rücksichtslosigkeit (1)
- Saftey (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schweregrad (UNfall (1)
- Season (1)
- Sehvermögen (1)
- Seite (1)
- Severity (accid, injuy) (1)
- Sicherheitspolsterung (1)
- Side (1)
- Signalization (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Sozialisation (1)
- Spain (1)
- Spanien (1)
- Speed limit (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spinal calum (1)
- Staat (Regierung) (1)
- Stadtschnellbahn (1)
- Standardabweichung (1)
- Statistik (math) (1)
- Stochastic process (1)
- Stochastischer Prozess (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straßenkurve (1)
- Straßennetz (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Stunde (1)
- Süchtigkeit (1)
- Tag (24 Stunden) (1)
- Tag (24 stunden) (1)
- Tarif (1)
- Tariff (1)
- Taxi (1)
- Telefon (1)
- Telephone (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Theorie (1)
- Theory (1)
- Town centre (1)
- Traffic composition (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic count (1)
- Traffic flow (1)
- Traffic lane (1)
- Training (1)
- Transparent (1)
- Transport mode (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Travel survey (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Truck (1)
- Tschechische Republik (1)
- Tyre (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltverschmutzung (1)
- Underground railway (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfall ; Veränderung (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unterfahrschutz (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vehicle handling (1)
- Vehicle spacing (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Verkehrsablauf (1)
- Verkehrsaufteilung (1)
- Verkehrsentstehung (1)
- Verkehrserhebung (1)
- Verkehrsmittel (1)
- Verkehrsnetz (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Verkehrsverflechtung (1)
- Verkehrszusammensetzung (1)
- Verletzung; (1)
- Vermeidung (1)
- Verschiebung (1)
- Versuchspuppe (1)
- Versuchsstrecke (1)
- Verteilung (allg) (1)
- Vision (1)
- Visual display (1)
- Vorbelastung (1)
- Vorher Nachher Untersuchung (1)
- Vorne (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Waiting time (1)
- Warning systems (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Wartezeit (1)
- Wear (1)
- Wearing course (1)
- Weather (1)
- Winter maintenance (1)
- Winterdienst (1)
- Wirkungsanalyse (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (1)
- Wissen (1)
- Witterung (1)
- accident (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- efficiency (1)
- fatality (1)
- finite element method (1)
- head (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (1)
- Überlappung (1)
Institut
- Sonstige (240) (entfernen)
76 severe traffic accidents had been investigated in depth in an ongoing Volkswagen-Tongji University joint accident research project in JiaDing district, Shanghai, PR China since June 2005. With a methodology similar to German accident research units in Dresden and Hannover, a research team proceeds to the scene immediately after the incident to investigate and collect various data on environment, accident occurrence, vehicle state and deformations as well as injuries. The data combined with the results of accident reconstruction will be stored in a database for further statistical and casuistic analysis. The first outcome of the project supports the hypothesis that a main causation for the large number of traffic accidents in China is the lacking of risk awareness in Chinese driver behaviour. Low seat-belt use and the high proportion of vulnerable and poorly protected two-wheelers in traffic are reasons for the high injury and fatality rate in China. The research work shows that accident research in China is feasible and able to give support to tackle one of the urging problems in Chinese development.
The "Seven Steps Method" is an analysis and classification system, which describes the human participation factors and their causes in the temporal sequence (from the perceptibility to concrete action errors) taking into consideration the logical sequence of individual basic functions. By means of the "seven steps" it is possible to describe the relevant human causes of accidents from persons involved in the accident in an economic way with a sufficient degree of exactitude, because the causes can be further differentiated in their value (e.g. diversion as external diversion with regard to impact due to surroundings) and their sub values (e.g. external diversion with regard to impact due to surroundings in the shape of a "capture" of the perception by a prominent object of the traffic environment). Theoretically it is possible that one or more causing moments can be assigned to a person involved in an accident in each of the "seven steps"; however it is also possible to sufficiently clarify the cause in only one level (examples for this are described). In the practice of accident investigation at the site of the accident, the sequence chart is also relevant. With its assistance the questioning of the people involved in an accident can be accomplished in a structured way by assigning a set of questions to each step.
Since the compulsory use of child restraints for children up to 5 years of age was introduced in 2000, restraint use among younger children has increased significantly. However, the observed rate of child restraint use plateaus at around 50%, and apparently little spillover effect has been found for older children who are not covered by the law. This report examines the restraint use patterns for children who were injured in cars in relation to driver and child passenger characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to describe the association between the outcome measure (the proper use of restraints for children) and relevant variables. Better ways for parents and caregivers to improve the use of restraints for children are also discussed.
The incidence and treatment of sternal fractures among traffic accidents are of increasing importance to ensure best possible outcomes. Analysis of technical indicators of the collision, preclinical and clinical data of patients with sterna fractures from 1985-2004 among 42,055 injured patients were assessed by an Accident Research Unit. Two time groups were categorized: 1985-1994 (A) vs. 1995-2004 (B). 267/42,055 patients (0.64%) suffered a sterna fracture. Regarding the vehicle type, the majority occurred after car accidents in 0.81% (251/31,183 pts), followed by 0.19% (5/2,633pts) driving motorbike, and 0.11% (4/3,258pts) driving a truck. 91% wore a safety belt. Only 13% of all passengers suffering a sternal fracture had an airbag on board (33/255 car/trucks), with an airbag malfunction in 18%. The steering column was deformed in 39%, the steering wheel in 36%. Cars in the recent years were significantly older (7.67-±5 years (B) vs. 5.88-±5 years (A), p=0.003). Cervical spine injuries are frequent (23% vs. 22%), followed by multiple rib fractures (14% vs. 12%) and lung injuries (12% vs. 11%). We found 9/146 (6%) and 3/121 patients (3%) with heart contusion among the 267 sternal fractures. MAIS was 2.56-±1.3 vs. 2.62-±1.3 (A vs. B, p=0.349). 18% of patients were polytraumatized, with 11.2% dying at the scene, 2.3% in the hospital. Sternal fractures occur most often in old cars to seat-belted drivers often without any airbag. Severe multiple rib fractures and lung contusion are concomitant injuries in more than 10% each indicating the severity of the crash. Over a twentyyear period, the injury severity encountered was not different with 18% polytrauma patients suffering sternal fractures.
The increase in light duty trucks (LDT) on the road in the US is a safety concern because of their aggressivity, or risk they present to occupants of cars, especially in side impacts. We use FARS data to look at fatality trends in frontal and side impacts between cars and LDT. FARS data is also used to determine risk, or fatalities per registered vehicle, imposed on car drivers from other vehicle types. We use NASS CDS data to investigate sources of serious injuries in vehicles with side impact. These sources of injury are categorized into three major groups: 1) contact without intrusion, 2) contact with intrusion, and 3) restraints. We find a greater fraction of intrusion related injuries in cars struck on their side by SUV or pick-up trucks than when they are struck by other cars.
This study examines the severity and types of injuries sustained by child pedestrians aged 18 years and below in order to identify the body regions at greatest risk for injury in a pedestrian accident. Detailed medical diagnoses were reviewed retrospectively for 572 child pedestrians admitted to an urban pediatric trauma center with injuries during the time period from January 2001 to December 2005. Eighty percent of these children sustained AIS 2 or greater injuries, most commonly to the lower extremity (41%) and head (34%). Fortyfour percent of admitted children had more significant AIS 3 or greater injuries primarily to the head (58%), thorax (17%) and lower extremities (14%). Testing procedures to assess the child- interaction with the motor vehicle should include injury assessment for the pediatric head, thorax and lower extremities. This understanding of how child pedestrians interact with motor vehicles may provide insight into effective countermeasures with potential for implementation in vehicle designs world-wide.
The number of injuries sustained by car occupants involving the head, thorax, spine, pelvis and the upper limbs have been reduced significantly during recent years. This is probably due to better safety features in the cars, especially the availability and usage of safety belts, airbags etc. Therefore one can notice clinically a relative increase in survivors of severe frontal crashes, but many of them have injuries to the lower extremities. To verify this, we analyzed the foot and ankle injuries of front seat passengers.
In Finland all fatal motor vehicle accidents are studied in-depth on-the-spot by multidisciplinary (police, road and vehicle engineers, physician and behavioural scientist) road accident investigation teams (legislation 2001, work started 1968), which operate in every province. The purpose of the teams is to uncover risk factors that turned an ordinary driving situation into a serious accident and give safety recommendations for improving road safety. The investigation teams do not take a stand on guilt or insurance compensation. When analysing accidents the teams use the concepts of key event, immediate, background and injury risk factors. Compiled investigation folders of each case contain investigation forms from each member, preinvestigation protocol, photographs, sketches etc. About 500 items of information are collected from each accident party. The collected information is also coded into a computer database. Both the database and the investigation folders are widely utilized by researchers and authorities conducting safety work.
This study aimed to identify the occurrence, type and mechanisms of the traumatic injuries of the vulnerable road users in vehicle collisions, and to determine the effects of human, engineering, and environment factors on traffic accidents and injuries. The pedestrian accident cases were collected in the years 2000 to 2005 from Changsha Wujing hospital China and Accident Research Unit at Medical University Hannover in Germany. A statistic analysis was carried out using the collected accident data. The results from analysis of Changsha data were compared with results from analysis of GIDAS data Hannover. The injury severities were determined using AIS code and ISS values. The results were presented in terms of cause of injuries, injury distributions, injury patterns, injury severity. The factors influenced the injury outcomes were proposed and discussed for the vehicle transport environment and road users. The results were discussed with regard to accident data collection, accident sampling and injury distributions etc. In the urban area of Changsha, motorcycles and passenger cars are most frequently involved in vehicle pedestrian accidents. Head and lower extremities injuries are the predominant types of pedestrian injuries. The pedestrian accidents were identified as vital issue in urban traffic safety and therefore a high priority should be given to this road user group in research of safe urban transportation. In Hannover area, cars are most frequently involved in traffic accidents, injured pedestrians are involved in road traffic of Germany in 13% of all causalities only in 2005 and have nearly the same number as motorcyclists, but the half of bicyclists.
In the context of this study, different data sources for accident research were examined regarding their possible data access and evaluated concerning the individual quality and extent of the data. Analyses of accidents require detailed and comprehensive information in particular concerning vehicle damages, injury patterns and descriptions of the accident sequence. The police documentation supplies the basic accident statistics and is amended in the context of the forensic treatment by further information, e.g. by medical and technical appraisals and witness questionings. As a new approach to the data acquisition for the analysis of fatal traffic accidents, the information was made usable which was collected by the police and by the investigations of the public prosecutor. The best strategy for obtaining reliable, extensive and complete data consists of combining the information from these two sources: the very complete, but elementary statistic data of the Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Statistik (Lower Saxony State Authority of Statistics), based on the police documentation as well as the very extensive accident information resulting from the investigation documentation of the public prosecutor after conclusion of the procedure, the so-called Court Records. Of all 715 fatal traffic accidents, which happened in the year 2003 in the German State of Lower Saxony, 238 cases were selected by means of a statistically coincidental selective procedure based on a statistically representative manner (every third accident). These cases cover the investigation documents of the 11 responsible public prosecutor- offices, which were requested and evaluated while preserving the data security. Of the 238 cases 202 cases were available, which were individually coded and stored in a data base using 160 variables. Thus a data base of a sample of representative data for fatal accidents in Lower Saxony was set up. The data base contains extensive information concerning general accident data (35 variables), concerning road and road surface data (30 variables), concerning vehicle-specific data (68 variables) as well as concerning personal and injury data (27 variables).