81 Unfallstatistik
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (90)
- Buch (Monographie) (33)
- Arbeitspapier (11)
- Bericht (3)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (1)
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (138) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Accident (103)
- Unfall (102)
- Conference (86)
- Konferenz (86)
- Statistik (66)
- Deutschland (64)
- Germany (64)
- Statistics (64)
- Fatality (48)
- Tödlicher Unfall (46)
- Injury (40)
- Verletzung (39)
- Accident rate (33)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (33)
- Analyse (math) (31)
- Analysis (math) (30)
- Data acquisition (30)
- Datenerfassung (30)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (27)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (26)
- Verletzung) (26)
- injury) (25)
- Reconstruction (accid) (23)
- Severity (accid (23)
- Datenbank (22)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (22)
- Severity (accid, injury) (22)
- Forschungsbericht (21)
- Safety (21)
- Sicherheit (21)
- Ursache (21)
- Cause (20)
- Research report (20)
- Risiko (20)
- Risk (19)
- Unfallverhütung (19)
- Data bank (17)
- Fahrzeug (17)
- Fußgänger (17)
- Pedestrian (17)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (17)
- Motorcyclist (16)
- Motorradfahrer (16)
- On the spot accident investigation (16)
- Vehicle (16)
- Accident prevention (15)
- Autobahn (15)
- Car (15)
- Driver (14)
- Highway (14)
- Development (13)
- Europa (13)
- Europe (13)
- Fahrer (13)
- Motorway (13)
- Straße (13)
- Bewertung (12)
- Entwicklung (12)
- Cyclist (11)
- Forecast (11)
- Method (11)
- Motorcycle (11)
- Motorrad (11)
- Radfahrer (11)
- Lorry (10)
- Prognose (10)
- Stadt (10)
- Traffic (10)
- Urban area (10)
- Verfahren (10)
- Verkehr (10)
- Fahrleistung (9)
- Improvement (9)
- Lkw (9)
- Vehicle mile (9)
- Verbesserung (9)
- Active safety system (8)
- Geschwindigkeit (8)
- PKW (8)
- Simulation (8)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (7)
- Berechnung (7)
- Calculation (7)
- Collision (7)
- Insasse (7)
- Pkw (7)
- Rechenmodell (7)
- Speed (7)
- Zusammenstoß (7)
- Age (6)
- Alte Leute (6)
- Alter (6)
- Benutzung (6)
- Evaluation (6)
- Evaluation (assessment) (6)
- Mathematical model (6)
- Nummer (6)
- Old people (6)
- Rear end collision (6)
- Use (6)
- Vehicle occupant (6)
- Adolescent (5)
- Auffahrunfall (5)
- Bestand (5)
- Database (5)
- Delivery vehicle (5)
- Efficiency (5)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (5)
- Hospital (5)
- International (5)
- Jugendlicher (5)
- Krankenhaus (5)
- Landstraße (5)
- Main road (5)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (5)
- Prevention (5)
- Specifications (5)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (5)
- Analyse (Math) (4)
- Anfahrversuch (4)
- Bevölkerung (4)
- Cost (4)
- Crash helmet (4)
- Drunkenness (4)
- Fahranfänger (4)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (4)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (4)
- India (4)
- Indien (4)
- Japan (4)
- Kind (4)
- Kleintransporter (4)
- Kosten (4)
- Passive safety system (4)
- Population (4)
- Portugal (4)
- Recently qualified driver (4)
- Richtlinien (4)
- Risikobewertung (4)
- Road user (4)
- Schutzhelm (4)
- Straßenverkehr (4)
- Trunkenheit (4)
- United Kingdom (4)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (4)
- Verminderung (4)
- Accident reconstruction (3)
- Behaviour (3)
- Child (3)
- Classification (3)
- Decrease (3)
- Driver assistance system (3)
- Education (3)
- Eingabedaten (3)
- Erziehung (3)
- Head on collision (3)
- Input data (3)
- Interview (3)
- Klassifizierung (3)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (3)
- Modification (3)
- Motorisierungsgrad (3)
- Nacht (3)
- Night (3)
- Overturning (veh) (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Trend (stat) (3)
- USA (3)
- Vehicle ownership (3)
- Verhalten (3)
- Veränderung (3)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (3)
- Überschlagen (3)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (2)
- Accident severity (2)
- Australia (2)
- Australien (2)
- Belastung (2)
- Bicycle (2)
- Bremsung (2)
- Bus (2)
- Compatibility (2)
- Cost benefit analysis (2)
- Czech Republic (2)
- Deformation (2)
- Driving aptitude (2)
- EU (2)
- Eindringung (2)
- Electronic stability program (2)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (2)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (2)
- Error (2)
- Fahrrad (2)
- Fehler (2)
- Freeway (2)
- Führerschein (2)
- Führerschein Punktesystem (2)
- Gebiet (2)
- Gesetzgebung (2)
- Güterverkehr (2)
- Head (2)
- Highway traffic (2)
- Human factor (2)
- Impact test (2)
- Impact test (veh) (2)
- Information (2)
- Information documentation (2)
- Junction (2)
- Kleidung (2)
- Knotenpunkt (2)
- Kompatibilität (2)
- Kopf (2)
- Layout (2)
- Legislation (2)
- Load (2)
- Man (2)
- Mann (2)
- Menschlicher Faktor (2)
- Netherlands (2)
- Niederlande (2)
- Overlapping (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Personal (2)
- Personnel (2)
- Planning (2)
- Planung (2)
- Point demerit system (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Qualitätssicherung (2)
- Region (2)
- Residential area (2)
- Road network (2)
- Road traffic (2)
- Rural highways (2)
- Rural road (2)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (2)
- Side impact (2)
- Software (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Straßenentwurf (2)
- Straßennetz (2)
- Theorie (2)
- Theory (2)
- Tschechische Republik (2)
- Verformung (2)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (2)
- Verkehrsstärke (2)
- Weather (2)
- Witterung (2)
- Wohngebiet (2)
- Überlappung (2)
- Abbiegen (1)
- Abblendlicht (1)
- Accident Rate (1)
- Accident black spot (1)
- Adaptive cruise control (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Administration (1)
- Advanced vehicle control system (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Airbag (1)
- Alcohol (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Alternative Energie (1)
- Alternative energy (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Anhänger (1)
- Anordnung (1)
- Antrieb (tech) (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Audit (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Ausrüstung (1)
- Austria (1)
- Außerortsstraße (1)
- Average (1)
- Ballungsgebiet (1)
- Batterie (1)
- Battery (1)
- Baustelle (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Bepflanzung (1)
- Berufsausübung (1)
- Beschilderung (1)
- Betriebshof (1)
- Bottleneck (1)
- Brake (1)
- Braking (1)
- Breaking (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Brennstoffzelle (1)
- Carriageway (1)
- Causes (1)
- Children (1)
- China (1)
- Clothing (1)
- Coach (1)
- Coefficient of friction (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Construction site (1)
- Conurbation (1)
- Cross section (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Damage (1)
- Datei (1)
- Daten (1)
- Daylight (1)
- Decreases (1)
- Demand (econ) (1)
- Democratic Republic of (1)
- Density (1)
- Detection (1)
- Deutschalnd (1)
- Deutsche Demokratische Republik (1)
- Deutschland ; Entwicklung (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Dipped headlight (1)
- Driver (veh) (1)
- Driver training (1)
- Driving (1)
- Driving licence (1)
- Driving license (1)
- Droge (1)
- Drugs (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Eigenschaft (1)
- Eins (1)
- Einstellung (psychol) (1)
- Electric vehicle (1)
- Electronic driving aid (1)
- Elekronic stability program (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Emission (1)
- Engpass (1)
- Entdeckung (1)
- Environment (1)
- Equipment (1)
- Erfahrung (menschl) (1)
- Experience (human) (1)
- Fahrausbildung (1)
- Fahrbahn; Breite (1)
- Fahreignung (1)
- Fahrgeschicklichkeit (1)
- Fahrstabilität (1)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (1)
- Fahrzeugbeleuchtung (1)
- Fahrzeuginnenraum (1)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (1)
- Datei (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Forschungsarbeit (1)
- Fracht (1)
- Fracture (bone) (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Frau (1)
- Freight (1)
- Freizeit (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Front (1)
- Fuel (1)
- Fuel cell (1)
- Fuel consumption (1)
- Fuel tank (1)
- Gefahr (1)
- Geländefahrzeug (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Germany ; Injury (1)
- Gesetzesübertretung (1)
- Gestaltung (1)
- Goods traffic (1)
- Government (national) (1)
- Grenzwert (1)
- Griffigkeit (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Hazard (1)
- Headlamp (1)
- Highway design (1)
- Hour (1)
- Human body (1)
- Hybrid vehicle (1)
- Hybridfahrzeug (1)
- Häufigkeit (1)
- Impact study (1)
- Industrie (1)
- Industry (1)
- Insurance (1)
- Interior (veh) (1)
- Intermodal terminals (1)
- Intoxication (1)
- Jahr (1)
- Jahreszeit (1)
- Karte (1)
- Knochenbruch (1)
- Kontrolle (1)
- Korea (Süd) (1)
- Kosten Nutzen Vergleich (1)
- Kraftstoff (1)
- Kraftstofftank (1)
- Kraftstoffverbrauch (1)
- LKW (1)
- Landstrasse (1)
- Leg (human) (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Leuchtdiode (1)
- Lieferfahrzeug (1)
- Light emitting diode (1)
- Limit (1)
- Location (1)
- Maintenance (1)
- Map (1)
- Market (1)
- Markt (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Medical aspects (1)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- Menschlicher Körper (1)
- Messung (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Mittelwert (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modell (non math) (1)
- Monat (1)
- Month (1)
- Nachfrage (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Nutzwertanalyse (1)
- Oberfläche (1)
- Oberflächentextur (1)
- Occupant (veh) (1)
- Occupation (1)
- Offence (1)
- Offender (1)
- On the spot investigation (1)
- One (1)
- Ort (Position) (1)
- Partnerschaft (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Passenger (1)
- Passive restraint system (1)
- Perception (1)
- Policy (1)
- Politik (1)
- Properties (1)
- Propulsion (1)
- Public transport (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Quality (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Querschnitt (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Rechtsübertreter (1)
- Recidivist (1)
- Reconstruction [accid] (1)
- Recreation (1)
- Regierung (staat) (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Reibungsbeiwert (1)
- Reisebus (1)
- Republic of Korea (1)
- Research project (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Road tanker (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Rückfalltäter (1)
- Sachschaden (1)
- Safety belt (1)
- Scheinwerfer (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schweden (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Schätzung (1)
- Season (1)
- Severity (acid (1)
- Severty (accident (1)
- Sicherheitsgurt (1)
- Signalization (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Skidding resistance (1)
- Skill (road user) (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Sport utility vehicle (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Statistic (1)
- Steifigkeit (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Straßenverkehrstechnik (1)
- Stunde (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface texture (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Tageslicht (1)
- Tankwagen (1)
- Technologie (1)
- Technology (1)
- Telefon (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Telematik (1)
- Telephone (1)
- Test (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Toedlicher Unfall (1)
- Traffic Concentration (1)
- Traffic concentration (1)
- Traffic control (1)
- Traffic engineering (1)
- Trailer (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transport infrastructure (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Turn (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unfallrekonsruktion (1)
- Unfallschwerpunkt (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Unterfahrschutz (1)
- Unterhaltung (1)
- Value analysis (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vehicle handling (1)
- Vehicle lighting (1)
- Vehicle safety (1)
- Vehicle safety device (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verkehrssteuerung (1)
- Versicherung (1)
- Versuch (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Vorn (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Warning systems (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Width (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (1)
- Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung (1)
- Woman (1)
- Year (1)
- Zahl (1)
- aktives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Österreich (1)
Ziel des Forschungsprojektes war die quantitative Vorausschätzung des Straßenverkehrsunfallgeschehens der Jahre 2015 und 2020 in Deutschland mit Hilfe eines eigens entwickelten Prognoseverfahrens. Das Verfahren sollte eine größtmögliche Differenzierung des zukünftigen Unfallgeschehens nach Schweregrad, Art der Verkehrsbeteiligung und Alter der Verkehrsteilnehmer erlauben. Das Modell sollte grundsätzlich in der Lage sein, Ursache - Wirkungszusammenhänge differenzierter als in herkömmlichen Ansätzen der Zeitreihenanalyse und deren Trendfortschreibung abzubilden. Den Prognosehorizont bilden die Jahre 2015 und 2020. Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Projekts erfolgte für Deutschland erstmals eine Prognose der Unfall- und Verunglücktenzahlen über eine Risikoanalyse maßgebender Unfallkonstellationen. Dabei wurde sowohl nach Ortslagen, Unfallbeteiligten und Alter der Verkehrsteilnehmer unterschieden. Mit Hilfe des vorgestellten Prognosemodells lässt sich der künftige Grad der Straßenverkehrssicherheit differenziert beurteilen. Auswirkungen der sich ändernden Rahmenbedingungen auf das Unfallgeschehen werden sowohl auf der Ebene der Unfallentstehung als auch auf der Ebene der Unfallschwere berücksichtigt. Dabei kann insbesondere der Einfluss aus Demografie und sich verändernder Zugangsvoraussetzungen zu Verkehrsmitteln auf das Unfallgeschehen abgebildet werden. Der vorgestellte erste Entwicklungsstand des Modells bietet daher bereits sehr gute Möglichkeiten, Wirkungsanalysen bei veränderten Einflussgrößen durchzuführen. Das Unfallprognosemodell wurde modular aufgebaut. Dadurch konnte eine logische und hierarchische Modellstruktur realisiert werden. In der Folge werden die einzelnen Module im Gesamtmodell sequentiell durchlaufen, sind in sich geschlossen und folgen eigenen Berechnungsvorschriften. Eine Umsetzung des Modells erfolgte auf Basis verknüpfter Excel-Dateien mit Hilfe von VBA-Makros. Hierbei wurde auf eine stark getrennte Struktur der einzelnen Berechnungsschritte Wert gelegt, um die einzelnen Dateien übersichtlich und nachvollziehbar zu gestalten. Gleichzeitig erfüllt das Modell die Forderung einer größtmöglichen Variabilität. So können sowohl geänderte Eingangsdaten zugrundegelegt werden als auch die Auswahl der differenzierten Trendberechnung beliebig getroffen werden. Im Ergebnis ist auf Basis der getroffenen Annahmen, der historischen Entwicklung und der konstellationenfeinen Fortschreibung der Risikofaktoren ein deutlicher Rückgang der Unfall- und Verunglücktenzahlen in Deutschland für den Prognosezeitraum gegenüber 2006 zu erwarten. Bei den Unfällen mit Personenschaden ist bis 2020 mit einer Abnahme um nahezu 30 % zu rechnen, bei den Verunglückten kann von einer Reduzierung um 13 % ausgegangen werden. Die Zahl getöteter Personen sinkt dabei voraussichtlich von ca. 5.100 Personen (2006) auf 2.700 Personen (2020). In Bezug auf die Schwerverletzten ist im gleichen Zeitraum mit einem Rückgang um ca. 33.000 Personen zu rechnen (2006: 74.500 Personen). Ebenso sinkt gegenüber dem Analysejahr 2006 die Anzahl Leichtverletzter um etwa 6 % auf etwa 326.000 Personen. Die Rückgänge der Verunglücktenzahlen liegen zwischen 2006 und 2015 sowie zwischen 2015 und 2020 zahlenmäßig auf einem vergleichbaren Niveau (55.000 bzw. 58.000 V). Somit wird etwa die Hälfte der Gesamtrückgänge im Prognosezeitraum allein in den letzten fünf Jahren der insgesamt fünfzehnjährigen Zeitspanne erreicht.
From literature well-known analyzes on risks, hazards and causes of accidents of older drivers are amended by the present study in which a comparison of the specific features of accident causes of older car drivers (older than 60 years) and of younger car drivers (under 25 years) is conducted. Mainly the question is pursued if specific errors, mistakes and lapses are predominant in the two different age groups. The analysis system ACAS (Accident Causation Analysis System) used hereby consists of a sequential system of accident causation factors from the human, the technical and the infrastructural field, whereupon for this study the influence of the human features on the accident development in two different age groups is of interest. ACAS is both an accident model and an analysis and classification system, which describes the human participation factors of an accident and their causes in the temporal sequence (from the perceptibility to concrete action errors) taking into consideration the logical sequence of individual basic functions. In five steps (categories) of a logical and temporal sequence the hierarchical system makes human functions and processes as determinants of accident causes identifiable. The methodology specifically focuses on the use in so-called "In-Depth" and "On-Scene" investigation studies. With the help of the system for each accident participant one or more of five hypotheses of human cause factors are formed and then specified by appropriate verification criteria. These hypotheses in turn are further specified by indicators in such manner that the coding of the causation factors by a code system meets the needs of database processing and are accessible to a quantitative data analysis. The first results of the descriptive comparison of the two age groups concern mainly differences in the functional levels "information admission/perception" (where the elderly drivers have more difficulties than the young ones) and "information processing/evaluation" (where the younger drivers show more problems). Concerning the cognitive function of "planning" the group of younger drivers seems to be more often involved in an accident because of excessive speed.
The main objective of EC CASPER research project is to reduce fatalities and injuries of children travelling in cars. Accidents involving children were investigated, modelling of human being and tools for dummies were advanced, a survey for the diagnosis of child safety was carried out and demands and applications were analysed. From the many research tasks of the CASPER project, the intention of this paper is to address the following: • In-depth investigation of accidents and accident reconstruction. These will provide important points for the injury risk curve, in order to improve it. Different accident investigation teams collected data from real road accidents, involving child car passengers, in five different European countries. Then, a selection of the most appropriate cases for the injury risk curve and the purposes of the project was made for an in-depth analysis. The final stage of this analysis was to conduct an accident reconstruction to validate the results obtained. The in-depth analysis included on-scene accident investigation, creating virtual simulations of the accident/possible reconstruction, and conducting the reconstruction. In the cases of successful reconstructions, new points were introduced to the injury risk curves. Accident reconstructions of selected cases were carried out in test laboratories as the next step following in-depth road accident investigation. These cases were reconstructed using similar child restraint systems (CRS) and the same type make and model as in the real accidents. Reconstructing real cases has several limitations, such as crash angle, cars" approximation paths and crash speed. However, a few changes and applications on the testing conditions were applied to reduce the limitations and improved the representations of the real accidents. After conducting the reconstructions, a comparison between the deformations of the cars on the real accident and the vehicles from the reconstructions was made. Additionally, a correlation between the data captured from the dummies and the injury data from the real accident was sought. This finalises an in-depth analysis of the accident, which will provide new relevant points to the injury risk curve. The CASPER project conducted a large research programme on child safety. On technical points, a promising research area is the developing injury risk curves as a result of in-depth accident investigations and reconstructions. This abstract was written whilst the project was not yet finished and final results are not yet known, but they will be available by the time of the conference. All the works and findings will not necessarily be integrated in the industrial versions of evaluation tools as the CASPER project is a research program.
Injuries in motorbike accidents in correlation with protective clothes and mechanism of the accident
(2013)
This study deals with a possible connection between safety clothing / accident mechanism and injury severity in a state-wide traffic accident investigation with focus on light and small motorbike-involvement for accidents in the area of the Saarland in which the persons riding the bike have been injured or killed. An interdisciplinary team of medical scientists and engineers collected the medical and technical data as well as all the relevant traces of the accident on scene and in time. During twenty months of data collection a total of 401 cases could be gathered. Grave injuries were more common for the group of heavier motorcycles (>125 ccm). Motorcyclists had been polytraumatized only in the group where the accident was connected with a collision. Significant correlation between protective clothes and injury severity could only be found for protective gloves and protective trousers. The knowledge about mechanism of the accident, protective clothes and severity of injuries can be helpful for the improvement of road and motorcyclists' safety.
This study analyses no.39 cases in which n.41 motorcyclists were fatally injured, or 36% of total motorcycle fatalities in Northern Ireland between 2004 and 2010 (n.114). There were n.17 cases (43.6%) where the actions of another vehicle driver caused the collision, in thirteen of these cases the motorcycles had their lights switched on. The remaining n.22 collisions (56.4%) were due to the actions of the motorcyclist. In the approach to the collision scene, there were n.13 cases (31.7%) in which the approach was a right hand bend and in n.8 (19.5%) cases, the approach was a left hand bend. In the remaining n.18 (43.9%) cases, the approach was a straight road. Of the n.17 (41.4%) motorcycles that slid after falling, n.10 (24.4%) fell onto their right side and the remaining n.7 (17.1%) fell onto their left side. The information from this study identifies primary and contributory causes of motorcycle collisions.
The objective of the study is to measure the risk of pedestrian and bicyclist in urban traffic through an analysis of real-world accident data. The kinematics and injury mechanisms for both pedestrian and bicyclists are investigated to find the correlation of injury risks with injury related parameters. For this purpose, firstly 338 cases are selected as a sample from an IVAC accident database based on the In-depth Investigation of Vehicle Accident in Changsha of China. A statistic measurement of the fatality and serious injury risks with respect to impact speed was carried out by logistic regression analysis. Secondly, 12 pedestrian and 12 bicyclist accidents were further selected for reconstruction with MADYMO program. A comparative analysis was conducted based on the results from accident analysis and computer reconstructions for the injury risk, head impact conditions and dynamic response of pedestrians and bicyclists. The results indicate that bicyclists suffered lower risks of severe injuries and fatalities compared with pedestrians. The risks of AIS 3+ injury and fatality are 50% for pedestrians at impact speeds of 53.2 km/h and 63.3 km/h, respectively, while that for bicyclists at 62.5 km/h and 71.1 km/h, respectively. The findings could have a contribution to get a better understanding of pedestrians" and bicyclists" exposures in urban traffic in China, and provide background knowledge to generate strategies for pedestrian protection.
Rear-end collisions are the most frequent same and opposite-direction crashes. Common causes include momentary inattention, inadequate speed or inadequate distance. While most rear-end collisions in urban traffic only result in vehicle damage or slight injuries, rear-end collisions outside built-up areas or on motorways usually cause fatal or serious injuries. Driver assistance systems that detect dangerous situations in the longitudinal vehicle direction are therefore an essential safety plus. In view of this, for ADAC, systems that alert drivers to dangerous situations and initiate autonomous braking complement ESC as one of the most important active safety features in modern vehicles. The aim of ADAC is to provide consumers with technical advice and competent information about the systems available on the market. Reliable comparative tests that are based on standardised test criteria may provide motorists with important information and help them make a buying decision. In addition, they raise consumer awareness of the systems and speed up their market penetration. The assessment must focus on as many aspects of effectiveness as possible and include not only autonomous braking but also collision warning and autonomous brake assist. The work of the ADAC accident research is the development of the testing scenarios with direct link to accident situations and the identification of useful test criteria for testing.
Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung knüpft die Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen an die letzte Untersuchung zum Unfallgeschehen von Wohnmobilen aus dem Jahr 1999 an. Neben der Entwicklung der Anzahl der Unfälle von Wohnmobilen im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2010 wird die Struktur der Unfälle beleuchtet. Auch die charakteristischen Merkmale der beteiligten Fahrer der Wohnmobile und einige technische Merkmale wie z.B. die Motorisierung und das zulässige Gesamtgewicht werden untersucht. Weiterhin wird die im Unfallgeschehen kleine Gruppe der Pkw mit Wohnanhänger soweit möglich in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Diese beiden Gruppen werden der Gesamtgruppe der Pkw-Unfälle vergleichend gegenübergestellt. Wohnmobile werden in der amtlichen Unfallstatistik nicht explizit codiert. Somit sind -im Rahmen der regelmäßigen Veröffentlichungen des Statistischen Bundesamtes -keine Informationen zum Unfallgeschehen von Wohnmobilen verfügbar. Dennoch ist es möglich, über die vom Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt ergänzten fahrzeugtechnischen Angaben zum Kraftfahrzeug, deutsche Wohnmobile zu identifizieren und mit der vollen Merkmalsbreite des amtlichen Datenmaterials auszuwerten. Mit einem Anteil von weniger als 0,3% an allen Unfällen mit Personenschaden stellen Unfälle unter Beteiligung von Wohnmobilen keinen Schwerpunkt im Unfallgeschehen dar. Im Jahr 2010 wurden 743 Unfälle mit Personenschaden registriert, an denen ein Wohnmobil beteiligt war. Die Entwicklung der Unfallbeteiligung stellt sich im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2010 mit einem Rückgang von 36% bei den Unfällen mit Personenschaden sogar günstiger dar, als die Entwicklung der Unfälle unter Pkw-Beteiligung (-28%). Bei Unfällen unter Beteiligung von Wohnmobilen wurden im Jahr 2010 insgesamt 19 Personen getötet und 202 Personen schwer verletzt. Darunter waren jedoch nur 4 getötete und 62 schwerverletzte Personen Insassen eines Wohnmobils; die übrigen Verunglückten wurden beim Unfallgegner registriert. Gleichwohl zeigt die nach Fahrern und Mitfahrern differenzierte Betrachtung der Unfallschwere bei den Wohnmobilen Ansatzpunkte zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit. Im Mittel des Zeitraumes 2000 bis 2010 weisen die Mitfahrer von Wohnmobilen eine deutlich erhöhte Unfallschwere im Vergleich zu den Fahrern auf. So liegt die Kenngrösse \"Schwere Personenschäden bezogen auf die Fahrer bzw. Mitfahrer\" bei den Mitfahrern bei 51 schweren Personenschäden je 1.000 Mitfahrer und bei den Fahrern bei 34 schweren Personenschäden je 1.000 Fahrer.
The GIDAS-investigation team of Dresden (VUFO) has documented more than 11.500 accidents since 1999. The documentation of the accident includes beside vehicle-, injury- and environmental-data very detailed reconstruction data. Within this accident investigation the VUFO began to record the skid resistance of the accident site in 2009. The measurements are divided in macro- and microroughness (Sand depth method and Portable Skid Resistance Tester-SRT-by Munro-Stanley London-©). Both methods are used to determine the skid resistance for more than 1000 passenger cars. The aim of the present study is to find out a relationship between the measured skid resistance, the road conditions and the friction coefficient, which is used to calculate the maximum accelerations and decelerations during a reconstruction of an accident. Basic approach to convert the SRT-value into the friction coefficient is the calculation of the theoretical absorbed energy of the spring rubber system of the swinging arm of lever. This absorbed energy is used to get the friction coefficient by using the equations for the work of friction. To consider the road-behavior, in correlation to the friction coefficient, the results will be merged with existing literature. Last step for this study will be a comparison between actual used friction coefficients all over the GIDAS-database and the theoretical results. The study shows, if it is possible to use the SRT-Measurement for the estimation of a friction coefficient for the reconstruction of a traffic accident. As expected, the GIDAS-Database and the additional measurement of the roughness of the road directly on the spot are an enormous useful dataset.
Analysis of the accident scenario of powered two-wheelers on the basis of real-world accidents
(2013)
For the first time since 20 years the German national statistics of traffic accidents revealed an increasing number of fatalities and seriously injured persons in 2011. This negative development was especially caused by increasing numbers in all groups of vulnerable road users (VRU). Furthermore, the comparison of fatality reduction rates between several categories of road users shows that persons on motorcycles show the worst performance over years. Although every second fatality in German traffic accidents is still a car occupant, users of PTW make up more than 20% in the meantime. Assuming further improvements in the field of occupant protection this trend will continue. For that reason, a study on the basis of real-world accidents was conducted to describe the accident scenario involving motorcycles and to identify the reasons of the above-described fact. Approximately 1.800 motorcycle accidents out of GIDAS database were used for the analyses. The first part of the study deals with the question how representative the GIDAS database is for the German motorcycle accident scenario. Afterwards, detailed descriptive statistics on motorcycle accidents were presented considering numerous parameters about the accident scene, environmental influences, vehicle information, individual characteristics, interview data, injury severity and injury causation. One important point is the identification of the most frequent critical situations that are typical for motorcycle accidents. Furthermore, a special focus was on accident causation. Finally, conspicuous facts out of the analysis are emphasized. All in all, the study gives a comprehensive overview about the German motorcycle accident scenario. One the one hand, the use of weighted GIDAS data allows representative and robust statements on the basis of large case numbers; on the other hand highly detailed conclusions can be drawn. The results of the study help to understand the particularities of motorcycle accidents and provide approaches for further improvements in the field of PTW safety.