81 Unfallstatistik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Konferenzveröffentlichung (90) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Conference (86)
- Konferenz (86)
- Accident (59)
- Unfall (58)
- Statistics (37)
- Statistik (37)
- Germany (33)
- Deutschland (32)
- Injury (32)
- Fatality (31)
- Tödlicher Unfall (30)
- Verletzung (30)
- Data acquisition (27)
- Datenerfassung (27)
- Unfallrekonstruktion (26)
- Analyse (math) (23)
- Reconstruction (accid) (23)
- Analysis (math) (22)
- Schweregrad (Unfall, Verletzung) (21)
- Severity (accid, injury) (21)
- Datenbank (20)
- Untersuchung am Unfallort (16)
- Data bank (15)
- On the spot accident investigation (15)
- Ursache (15)
- Cause (14)
- Motorcyclist (14)
- Motorradfahrer (14)
- Schweregrad (Unfall (14)
- Fußgänger (13)
- Pedestrian (13)
- Severity (accid (13)
- Verletzung) (13)
- injury) (13)
- Car (12)
- Europa (11)
- Europe (11)
- Fahrzeug (11)
- Accident rate (10)
- Unfallverhütung (10)
- Vehicle (10)
- Accident prevention (9)
- Cyclist (9)
- Radfahrer (9)
- Safety (9)
- Sicherheit (9)
- Unfallhäufigkeit (9)
- Driver (8)
- Geschwindigkeit (8)
- Motorcycle (8)
- Motorrad (8)
- PKW (8)
- Risiko (8)
- Simulation (8)
- Collision (7)
- Fahrer (7)
- Method (7)
- Speed (7)
- Verfahren (7)
- Zusammenstoß (7)
- Active safety system (6)
- Insasse (6)
- Risk (6)
- Aktives Sicherheitssystem (5)
- Alte Leute (5)
- Bewertung (5)
- Database (5)
- Evaluation (assessment) (5)
- Old people (5)
- Rear end collision (5)
- Rechenmodell (5)
- Vehicle occupant (5)
- Analyse (Math) (4)
- Anfahrversuch (4)
- Auffahrunfall (4)
- Berechnung (4)
- Calculation (4)
- Crash helmet (4)
- Efficiency (4)
- Frontalzusammenstoß (4)
- Improvement (4)
- India (4)
- Indien (4)
- Mathematical model (4)
- Pkw (4)
- Portugal (4)
- Risikobewertung (4)
- Schutzhelm (4)
- Verbesserung (4)
- Verminderung (4)
- Accident reconstruction (3)
- Benutzung (3)
- Child (3)
- Decrease (3)
- Development (3)
- Driver assistance system (3)
- Entwicklung (3)
- Fahranfänger (3)
- Fahrerassistenzsystem (3)
- Head on collision (3)
- Hospital (3)
- Japan (3)
- Kind (3)
- Krankenhaus (3)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (allg) (3)
- Lorry (3)
- Overturning (veh) (3)
- Passive safety system (3)
- Passives Sicherheitssystem (3)
- Recently qualified driver (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- USA (3)
- United Kingdom (3)
- Use (3)
- Vereinigtes Königreich (3)
- Verkehrsteilnehmer (3)
- Überschlagen (3)
- Adolescent (2)
- Australia (2)
- Australien (2)
- Belastung (2)
- Bicycle (2)
- Classification (2)
- Compatibility (2)
- Czech Republic (2)
- Deformation (2)
- EU (2)
- Education (2)
- Eindringung (2)
- Eingabedaten (2)
- Electronic stability program (2)
- Error (2)
- Erziehung (2)
- Fahrrad (2)
- Fehler (2)
- Head (2)
- Highway (2)
- Human factor (2)
- Impact test (2)
- Impact test (veh) (2)
- Information (2)
- Information documentation (2)
- Input data (2)
- International (2)
- Interview (2)
- Jugendlicher (2)
- Junction (2)
- Klassifizierung (2)
- Kleidung (2)
- Knotenpunkt (2)
- Kompatibilität (2)
- Kopf (2)
- Lkw (2)
- Load (2)
- Menschlicher Faktor (2)
- Modification (2)
- Overlapping (2)
- Penetration (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Road user (2)
- Seitlicher Zusammenstoß (2)
- Side impact (2)
- Software (2)
- Specifications (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Theorie (2)
- Theory (2)
- Trend (stat) (2)
- Tschechische Republik (2)
- Verformung (2)
- Veränderung (2)
- Zeitreihe (stat) (2)
- Überlappung (2)
- Abbiegen (1)
- Abstandsregeltempomat (1)
- Accident severity (1)
- Adaptive cruise controll (1)
- Administration (1)
- Age (1)
- Air bag (restraint system) (1)
- Airbag (1)
- Alter (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Attitude (psychol) (1)
- Auffharunfall (1)
- Ausrüstung (1)
- Austria (1)
- Batterie (1)
- Battery (1)
- Behaviour (1)
- Bein [menschl] (1)
- Bepflanzung (1)
- Brake (1)
- Braking (1)
- Bremse (1)
- Bremsung (1)
- Bus (1)
- Causes (1)
- China (1)
- Clothing (1)
- Coach (1)
- Coefficient of friction (1)
- Colthing (1)
- Cost (1)
- Cycle track (1)
- Decreases (1)
- Delivery vehicle (1)
- Deutschalnd (1)
- Driver training (1)
- Driving aptitude (1)
- Droge (1)
- Drugs (1)
- Drunkenness (1)
- Eins (1)
- Einstellung (psychol) (1)
- Electronic driving aid (1)
- Elektronische Fahrhilfe (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogram (1)
- Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm (1)
- Equipment (1)
- Fahrausbildung (1)
- Fahrstabilität (1)
- Fahrtüchtigkeit (1)
- Fahrzeugteil (Sicherheit) (1)
- Fernverkehrsstraße (1)
- Financing (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Forecast (1)
- Forschungsarbeit (1)
- Fracture (bone) (1)
- France (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Frequency (1)
- Front (1)
- Fuel tank (1)
- Geländefahrzeug (1)
- Geradeausverkehr (1)
- Gesetzesübertretung (1)
- Government (national) (1)
- Griffigkeit (1)
- Harmonisation (1)
- Hazard (1)
- Human body (1)
- Häufigkeit (1)
- Impact study (1)
- Intoxication (1)
- Jahreszeit (1)
- Knochenbruch (1)
- Kontrolle (1)
- Korea (Süd) (1)
- Kosten (1)
- Kraftstofftank (1)
- LKW (1)
- Leg (human) (1)
- Leistungsfähigkeit (Allg.) (1)
- Lieferfahrzeug (1)
- Location (1)
- Main road (1)
- Man (1)
- Mann (1)
- Mathematical Model (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Medical aspects (1)
- Medizinische Gesichtspunkte (1)
- Menschlicher Körper (1)
- Messung (1)
- Methode der finiten Elemente (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Motorisierungsgrad (1)
- Netherlands (1)
- Niederlande (1)
- Norway (1)
- Norwegen (1)
- Nutzwertanalyse (1)
- Oberflächentextur (1)
- Occupant (veh) (1)
- Offence (1)
- On the spot investigation (1)
- One (1)
- Ort (Position) (1)
- Partnerschaft (1)
- Partnership (1)
- Passenger (1)
- Planning (1)
- Planung (1)
- Policy (1)
- Politik (1)
- Public transport (1)
- QAccident (1)
- Quality (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Qualität (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Radweg (1)
- Rail bound transport (1)
- Rail traffic (1)
- Reconstruction [accid] (1)
- Regierung (staat) (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Reibungsbeiwert (1)
- Reisebus (1)
- Republic of Korea (1)
- Research project (1)
- Residential area (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Richtlinien (1)
- Road traffic (1)
- Road transport (1)
- Rsk (1)
- Safety belt (1)
- Schienentransport (1)
- Schienenverkehr (1)
- Schweden (1)
- Schweiz (1)
- Schätzung (1)
- Season (1)
- Sicherheitsgurt (1)
- Significance (1)
- Signifikanz (1)
- Skidding resistance (1)
- Speed) (1)
- Spinal column (1)
- Sport utility vehicle (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Steifigkeit (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Straight ahead (traffic) (1)
- Strasse (1)
- Straße (1)
- Straßentransport (1)
- Straßenverkehr (1)
- Surface texture (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Switzerland (1)
- Technologie (1)
- Technology (1)
- Telematics (1)
- Telematik (1)
- Test (1)
- Thailand (1)
- Traffic (1)
- Transport operator (1)
- Transportunternehmen (1)
- Traveler (1)
- Trunkenheit (1)
- Turn (1)
- Underride prevention (1)
- Unfallrate (1)
- Unfallrekonsruktion (1)
- Unfallverhütug (1)
- United kingdom (1)
- Unterfahrschutz (1)
- Value analysis (1)
- Variance analysis (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vegetation (1)
- Vehicle handling (1)
- Vehicle ownership (1)
- Vehicle safety device (1)
- Veletzung) (1)
- Vereinigtes Königreichl (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verkehr (1)
- Verkehrsinfrastruktur (1)
- Versuch (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Vorn (1)
- Weather (1)
- Wirbelsäule (1)
- Wirksamkeitsuntersuchung (1)
- Witterung (1)
- Wohngebiet (1)
- aktives Sicherheitssystem (1)
- analyses (math) (1)
- ar (1)
- tödlicher Unfall (1)
- Öffentlicher Verkehr (1)
- Österreich (1)
Institut
Data concerning accidents involving personal injury which have been collected in the context of in-depth investigations on scene in the Hannover area since 1973 and in the Dresden area since 1999 represent an important basis for empirical traffic safety research. At national and international level various analyses and comparisons are carried out on the basis of "in-depth data" from the above mentioned investigations. In-depth data play a decisive role e.g. within the validation of EuroNCAP results on secondary safety (crashworthiness) of individual passenger car models. Thus, statistically sound methods of data analysis and population parameter estimation are of high importance. Since the 1st of August 1984 the "in-depth investigations on scene" in the Hannover area have been carried out according to a sampling plan developed by HAUTZINGER in the context of a research project on behalf of BASt. In the meantime a second region of in-depth investigation on scene was added with surveys in Dresden and the surrounding area. Internationally, the acronym GIDAS (German In-Depth Accident Study) is commonly used for the two above mentioned surveys. The objective of a current research project (topic of this contribution) is, among other things, to examine and adjust the previous weighting and expansion method for the two regional accident investigations to the current general conditions.
Accidents with vulnerable road users require special attention within the road safety work because these accidents are often accompanied with severe injuries. Thus In 2006 at least 6200 Powered Two Wheeler (PTW) riders were killed in road crashes in the EU 25 representing 16% of the total number of road deaths while accounting for only 2% of the total kilometers driven. For the prevention of accidents with VRU above all the knowledge of the causes of the accidents is of special importance. This study is based on the methodology of the German In-Depth Accident Study GIDAS. Within GIDAS extensive data on various fields of accidentology are collected on-scene from road traffic accidents with injuries in the Hannover and Dresden area. Using a well defined sample plan the collected data is highly representative to the whole German situation (Brühning et al, Otte et al). The need of in-depth accident causation data in accident research led to the development of a special tool for the collection of such data called ACASS (Accident Causation Analysis with Seven Steps), which was implemented in the GIDAS methodology in 2008 and described by Otte in 2009.
This study examines the severity and types of injuries sustained by child pedestrians aged 18 years and below in order to identify the body regions at greatest risk for injury in a pedestrian accident. Detailed medical diagnoses were reviewed retrospectively for 572 child pedestrians admitted to an urban pediatric trauma center with injuries during the time period from January 2001 to December 2005. Eighty percent of these children sustained AIS 2 or greater injuries, most commonly to the lower extremity (41%) and head (34%). Fortyfour percent of admitted children had more significant AIS 3 or greater injuries primarily to the head (58%), thorax (17%) and lower extremities (14%). Testing procedures to assess the child- interaction with the motor vehicle should include injury assessment for the pediatric head, thorax and lower extremities. This understanding of how child pedestrians interact with motor vehicles may provide insight into effective countermeasures with potential for implementation in vehicle designs world-wide.
In the context of this study, different data sources for accident research were examined regarding their possible data access and evaluated concerning the individual quality and extent of the data. Analyses of accidents require detailed and comprehensive information in particular concerning vehicle damages, injury patterns and descriptions of the accident sequence. The police documentation supplies the basic accident statistics and is amended in the context of the forensic treatment by further information, e.g. by medical and technical appraisals and witness questionings. As a new approach to the data acquisition for the analysis of fatal traffic accidents, the information was made usable which was collected by the police and by the investigations of the public prosecutor. The best strategy for obtaining reliable, extensive and complete data consists of combining the information from these two sources: the very complete, but elementary statistic data of the Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Statistik (Lower Saxony State Authority of Statistics), based on the police documentation as well as the very extensive accident information resulting from the investigation documentation of the public prosecutor after conclusion of the procedure, the so-called Court Records. Of all 715 fatal traffic accidents, which happened in the year 2003 in the German State of Lower Saxony, 238 cases were selected by means of a statistically coincidental selective procedure based on a statistically representative manner (every third accident). These cases cover the investigation documents of the 11 responsible public prosecutor- offices, which were requested and evaluated while preserving the data security. Of the 238 cases 202 cases were available, which were individually coded and stored in a data base using 160 variables. Thus a data base of a sample of representative data for fatal accidents in Lower Saxony was set up. The data base contains extensive information concerning general accident data (35 variables), concerning road and road surface data (30 variables), concerning vehicle-specific data (68 variables) as well as concerning personal and injury data (27 variables).
With an ever rising human life expectancy the share of elderly people in society is constantly rising. This leads to the fact that at the same rate the share of people with age related diseases such as dementia and poor eyesight taking part in traffic will rise and therefore traffic accidents caused by this group of people due to the disease will play an ever greater role. This Situation will be among the future challenges of road safety work. At present this study displays specific characteristics of accidents caused by elderly car drivers (aged 65 or higher) based on the analysis of the German In-Depth Accident Study GIDAS. Herein almost 1000 elderly car drivers were identified as accident participants in the years 2008 to 2011. The focus of this study lies on identifying special types of accidents which are caused by elderly drivers and on characterizing these types with the information gathered on scene and by interviewing the participants. The main evidence analyzed is the knowledge about the accident locality, the trajectories of the participants as well as the reasons for the occurrence of the accidents. Furthermore personal information such as the personal condition before the accident and driving purposes is used to identify patterns of contributing circumstances for accidents caused by elderly traffic participants.
Since 2008, the authors inspected fatal traffic accidents on the spot every year, with the cooperation of Toyota police station in Aichi pref. In the jurisdiction, numbers of fatal accidents were 18 in 2008, 12 in 2009, 14 accidents in 2010, and 16 in 2011. We here report the results of our analysis of information obtained by detailed inspection for those that occurred from 2008 to 2010. We focused on vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents, which accounted for about 45% of all accidents in 2008. Because many accidents occurred on residential roads not far from pedestrians" homes, it was revealed that the decrease of the collision speed by traffic calming such as humps and zone speed management, was highly effective. On the other hand, pedestrian detection technologies seemed to be also effective as a countermeasure on vehicle side. Every pedestrian position against a vehicle was clarified and TTC (Time to Collision) was calculated provisionally. Pedestrian accidents in intersections were also examined. Among the intersection pedestrian accidents within the jurisdiction, compared with the national average in Japan, the ratio of intersections without a signal and the ratio without a pedestrian crossing were high. According to the comparison of the Japanese traffic accident patterns between 2001 and 2008, pedestrian accidents during turning right and turning left did not decrease much. For elderly drivers, these accidents occurred very often. Finally, single vehicle accidents were analysed with the accident pattern analysis methods used above. There were high numbers of single vehicle accidents against object on single roads. Although fatal accidents against guardrails decreased, the numbers of fatal accidents against a utility pole and a sign pole were nearly constant. As for the impact with narrow width objects such as utility poles, the fatality rate was very high, and countermeasures of both road infrastructure and vehicles seem to be effective.
One goal of the assessment of the crashworthiness of passenger cars is to characterize the potential of injury outcome to occupants of cars involved in an accident. This can be achieved by the help of an index that puts the number of injured occupants of passenger cars in relation to the number of cars involved in an accident. As a consequence, this index decreases with a lower potential of injury and rises with a higher number of injuries while assuming a fixed number of accidents. Another index is introduced that uses an economical weighting of each injury level. The consequential injury costs are calculated using the average economical costs for lightly, severely and fatally injured persons. The calculation of the safety indices is based on an anonymized sample of accident data provided by the Federal Statistical Office. An index of Mercedes passenger car drivers depending on the year of registration between 1991 and 2006 is compared to the index of drivers of cars of other makes within the same range of registration years.
Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and TechnologyrnAbstract: The degrees of injury severity, as a rule injuries scaled by AIS of specific regions of the human body, investigated out of road traffic accidents correspond to the body-specific loading values, which are found out with the aid of experimental or mathematical simulation of crash tests with motor vehicles or with sled tests. The coherence between the injured human being on the one hand and the physical and the theoretical model respectively on the other hand is established by the risk function, which describes the probability of degrees of injury severity in dependence on the protection criteria. Due to the different physical characteristics in the simulation, e.g. accelerations, forces, compressions and their velocity, the compilation of these quantities, comparable to the MAIS, the maximal occurred single AIS obtained in accident analysis is much more difficult in the simulation than in the accident occurrence. Therefore it is obvious to normalize the loading values gained out of simulation and to summarise them to an entire value in a suitable manner, the safety index.rn
In recent years special attention has been paid to reducing the number of fatalities resulting from road traffic accidents. The ambitious target to cut in half the number of road users who are killed each year by 2010 compared with the 2001 figures, as set out in the European White Paper "European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to Decide" implies a general approach covering all kinds of road users. Much has been achieved, e.g. in relation to the safety of car passengers and pedestrians but PTW accidents still represent a significant proportion of fatal road accidents. More than 6,000 motorcyclists die annually on European roads which amounts to 16% of the EU-15 road fatalities. The European Commission therefore launched in 2004 a Sub- Project dealing with motorcycle accidents within an Integrated Project called APROSYS (Advanced PROtection SYStems) forming part of the 6th Framework Programme. In a first step, the combined national statistical data collections of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain were analysed. Amongst other things parameters like accident location, road conditions, road alignment and injury severity have been explored. The main focus of the analysis was on serious and fatal motorcycle accidents and the results showed similar trends in all four countries. From these results 7 accident scenarios were selected for further investigation via such in-depth databases as the DEKRA database, the GIDAS 2002 database, the COST 327 database and the Dutch element of the MAIDS database. Three tasks, namely the study of PTW collisions with passenger cars, PTW accidents involving road infrastructure features, and motorcyclist protective devices have been assessed and these will concentrate inter alia on accident causes, rider kinematics and injury patterns. A detailed literature review together with the findings of the in-depths database analysis is presented in the paper. Conclusions are drawn and the further stages of the project are highlighted.
Side impacts, both nearside and farside, have been indicated by research to be responsible for a large proportion of serious injuries from road crashes. This study aimed to compare and contrast the characteristics of nearside and farside crashes in Australia, Germany and the U.S., using the ANCIS, GIDAS and NASS/CDS in-depth-databases, in order to establish the impact and injury severity associated with these crashes, and the types of injuries sustained. The analyses revealed some interesting similarities, as well as differences, between both nearside and farside crashes, and the emergent trends between the three investigated countries. More specifically, it was indicated that whilst the severity of injury sustained in nearside crashes was slightly greater overall than that found for farside crashes, careful consideration of struck and nonstruck side occupants must be made when considering aspects such as vehicle design and occupant protection.